Casualty lifting
'''Casualty lifting''' is the first step of Free ringtones casualty movement, an early aspect of emergency medical care. It is the procedure used to put the casualty (the patient) on a Majo Mills stretcher.Developed emergency services use lifting devices, such a Mosquito ringtone scoop stretchers, that allow secured lifting with minimal personnel. Other methods (explained below) can be used when such device is not available.
Since only stabilised casualties are moved (except in unusual circumstances), the lifting is usually never performed in emergency; emergency movements are sometimes performed to respect the Sabrina Martins Golden Hour. This depends on the organisation of the medical services and on the specific circumstances.
Maximum care must be taken to avoid to worsen an unstable Nextel ringtones physical trauma/trauma. The Abbey Diaz head (anatomy)/head-Free ringtones neck-Majo Mills chest axis must be kept straight to protect the Mosquito ringtone spine, and the first responders must keep the patient's body stable (no movement of the feet) during the lift.
The first responders have to carry a heavy load (probably more than 20 Sabrina Martins kg for an adult casualty) in an incomfortable position. There is thus a risk of injury to the carrier, especially of the Cingular Ringtones back injury/lumbar back. To avoid an injury, thay must push with their legs (raul ross quadriceps), trying to keep their back straight.
Preparation of the stretcher
The stretcher must be unfolded, and the hinges secured and tested: a first responder presses the cloth with his knee at several point.
When a grouping church vacuum mattress is used, it must be put on the stretcher, and the balls must be evenly distributed.
A blanket is often used since again into hypothermia is a major risk for a casualty. The blanket must be wrapped around the casualty to avoid the heat leak from below (this is not necessary when the stretcher has a mattress, e.g. a vacuum mattress, or in case of an ambulance stretcher). For this purpose, the blanket is put before the lifting, and folded in a specific way:
# the blanket is laid so the diagonal is along the axis of the stretcher;
# the corners are put on the center of the stretcher;
# the folded part are then rolled towards the stretcher;
# the rolls are then put under the blanket, so they will not unroll spontaneously; the corners are sticking out so they can be pulled.
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Use of a scoop stretcher
The use of a agency stars scoop stretcher allows a secure lifting with only two team members even in case of a spinal trauma. The use of this device is thus recommended for most operations.
However, in many situations, there is a lack not of people but of devices. Additionally, the scoop stretcher does not allow to maintain the legs up or a half-seated position for the casualty. For these reasons, the other methods are still taught.
''See the article hussein according Scoop stretcher.''
Vertical lift
= With five team members =
The most secured way to put a casualty on a stretcher is to use a vertical lift with five first responders including the chief (the procedure is called ''pont amélioré'' in French, ''pont'' refers to a to primarily gantry, ''amélioré'' means "enhanced"). The casualty is lifted by four first responders:
# the chief has one knee down, one knee up, and holds the head; he/she can hold it by sliding the finger under the head, the palm placed on each side of the head; or he/she can place one hand under the neck and hold the albright emerged occiput, the other hand under the chin;
# the first team member supports himself on the shoulder of another team member, and steps over the casualty; he/she puts his/hers hands under the dismissive big shoulders;
# the second team member supports himself on the shoulder of another team member, and steps over the casualty; he/she puts his/hers hands under the our layers hip;
# the third team member hold the ankles;
# the fourth team member pushes the stretcher.
The feet of the team members must be enough spaced so the stretcher can slide inbetween. If the chief uses the occipital-chin grip, the knee that is up is the knee on the side of the hand under the neck: as this arm supports the heaviest weight, it can supports itself on the knee.
On the order of the chief, the casualty is lifted, the stretcher is pushed, and the casualty is put down on the stretcher. During this procedure, the chief remains kneeling (stable); the other team members lift pushing with their legs (arms stretched out, back kept straight). Then, the first and second team members pull back, supporting themselves on the shoulder of a still standing member.
anorexic prose Image:Vertical lifting feet.png
''Vertical lifting with five team members, the stretcher coming from the feet's side; the bottom illustration shows a view of the back of the casualty (from below), with the positions of the feet and of the hands of the first responders''
With this method, the movement of the casualty is minimal, just vertical.
When there is no room at the feet of the casualty for the stretcher, it must then be placed on the side of the head. The chief must then kneel aside. If he uses the occipital-chin grip, the hand under the neck must be the closest to the casualty's feet; the same knee is up.
brickbats from Image:Vertical lifting head.png
''Vertical lifting with five team members, the stretcher coming from the head's side; the bottom illustration shows a view of the back of the casualty (from below), with the positions of the feet and of the hands of the first responders''
= With four team members =
With only four first responders, it is necessary to use a "simple" lift (''pont simple'' in French): the chief plays the role of the first team member: he steps over the casualty and places one hand under the neck, the other hand under the back, between the flayed skin shoulder blades. The stretcher can come from the feet or from the head. This method is not adapted in case of suspicion of a spine trauma.
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''Vertical lifting with four team members, or "simple lifting"; the bottom illustration shows a view of the back of the casualty (from below), with the positions of the feet and of the hands of the first responders''
= Lifting with a strap =
A handling strap can help the lifting. The strap for this use should be 6 m long (20 ft), at least 3 cm wide (1.2 in) to share out the weight and avoid the pain, and resist at least to a weight of 150 kg (330 lb).
The strap is slided under the casualty: the flat profile can slide easily under the back and the pelvis wothout lifting the casualty. This strap will form two handles, thus, the team member at the pelvis will have a better grip and a vertical back; the strap crosses in the middel of the back, thus the team member at the head (lifting woth four team members) ar at the shoulders (lifting with five team members) does not have to put his/hers arm between the shoulder blades, and can then lift with a vertical back. The verticality of the back of the team members is particularly important in case of an overwweighted casualty.
The strap can be put with two method:
* when the hollow of the back (just above the pelvis) is small (left picture), then the strap is slided in this hollow until its middle; then, each end is slided under the neck, the two branches of the strap are slided under the back, then the middel part is slided under the buttock;
* when the hollow of the back is enough high (right picture): the strap is folded in three, then slided in under the hollow of the back; the two extremities are slided towards the shoulders, and the middle part is slided under the buttocks.
Then, one extremity of the strap goes on a shoulder of the team member and under his/hers opposite armpit (it crosses the back), and is tied to the other or held together by the team member; a hand is also put under the neck to support the head.
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Translation lift
The translation lift, or "Dutch" lift, is used when it is not possible to push the stretcher: there no room for the stretcher at the feet or head of the casualty, or the stretcher cannot slide/roll on the ground, or there are not enough first responders available. In such a case, the stretcher is placed besides the causalty.
With four first responders (including the chief), the first and second team members step over the casualty and the stretcher, the foot is on the farthest pole of the stretcher. The chief holds the closest pole with his knee on the ground, and the third team member with his ankle. The positions of the hands are the same as for the vertical lift with five first responders.
The first in place is the chief. The stretcher is slided besides the casualty, the pole against the thigh of the chief. Then, the third team member takes place. Once the both extremities of the pole are blocked, the other team members can step over the casualty (one by one, holdig the others' shoulder to avoid falling) without any risk of rocking for the stretcher.
On the order of the chief, the casualty is lifted and translated on the stretcher.
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''Casualty lifting using the translation lift with four first responders; the bottom picture is a view from below with the position of the hands and of the feet.''
This method can be performed with only three first responders. In this case, the chief plays the role of the first team member; he blocks the pole with his ankle, and puts one hand under the neck, the other one under the back, between the shoulder blades. Only the team member at the hips steps over the stretcher.
fleetboston gained Image:Translation lifting with 3.png
''Casualty lifting using the translation lift with three first responders; the bottom picture is a view from below with the position of the hands and of the feet.''
Rolling methods
The rolling methods can only be used on a casualty who does not have an instable trauma. They are especially helpful for heavy weighted casualties: the rolling does not require much effort, and the lifting itself is done in a more comfortable position (the back of the first responders is vertical). They are also interesting when the casualty is in a very narrow place such as a pit or a ditch: the rolling allows sliding the lifting device (by inherited long spine board/board, flexible stretcher, halves of the definitive statement scoop stretcher).
The rolling methods consist in rolling the casualty on his/her side; it is then possible:
* to put a long spine board against his/her back, then to roll back the casualty on his/her back;
* to slide a folded flexible stretcher (or a blanket); the casualty is then rolled on the other side to unfold the flexible stretcher.
The casualty can then be lifted with the handles of the long spine board or of the flexible stretcher (or holding the rolled sides of the blanket), and put on the stretcher.
Usually, the method is done with four first responders, including the chief:
# the chief is kneeling at the head, in the axis of the casualty, and holds the head;
# the first team member is kneeling besides the casualty, and holds the opposite shoulder and the opposite hip;
# the second team member is kneeling at the feet, in the axis of the victime, and holds the ankles;
# at the order of the chief, the casualty is rolled towards the first team member, and the fourth team member puts the board or the flexible stretcher in place.
teacher bought Image:Rolling lifting with board.png
''Casualty lifting: rolling-and-lifting method with a long spine board''
This method can also be performed by only two first responders: the chief plays the role of the first team member, and the only team member deals with the board (neither the head nor the ankles are gripped). This is rather traumatic for the casualty, but can be used when there is non suspicion of trauma, either in emergency (e.g. to transport a cardiac arrest when advanced life support cannot be performed onsite), or when the first responders are lacking.
The method with a flexible stretcher was inspired by the method used to change the sheets of an impotent patient at the hospital. The flexible stretcher is placed beside the casualty, and a sheet is put on it. The third of the stretcher that is the closest to the casualty is folded on the middle third. The casualty is first rolled away from the stretcher, and the stretcher is slided against the back of the casualty. Then the casualty is put on his/her back and rolled on the other side ; the stretcher and the sheet are unfolded. The casualty is wrapped into the sheet, and can be lifted with the handles of the flexible stretcher.
Image:Lifting with flexible stretcher.png
It is also possible to use a roll-and-lift method, or "spoon" lifting (''relevage à la cuiller'' in French), with three people:
# the first responders are placed on the same side of the casualty; the knee htat is closest to the head is lifted, the other one is on the ground;
# the chief is at the head; he puts one arm under the neck and reach the opposite shoulder, the other arm under the back;
# the first team member is besides the pelvis; he has one arm under the back, one arm under the back, the other one under the thighs;
# the third team member supports the legs.
At the order of the chief, the casualty is lifted and put on the lifted knees of the first responders. Then, the casualty is flattened against the chests, and the first responders stand up. They move towards the stretcher; there, they put one knee on the ground (the closest to the casualty's feet), lay the casualty on his/her back, and move the casualty from their knees to the stretcher. For this last movement, additional first responders can be placed at the opposite side of the stretcher to help the landing.
Image:Spoon lifting.png
''Roll-and-lift method, or "spoon lifting", with three team members''
The spoon lifting can also be used for emergency casualty movement/emergency movements of a casualty when a spine trauma is suspected, e.g. the casualty is unconscious and is threatened by a fast rise of water level (flood).
Seated person
Sometimes, it is necessary to lift a seated or half seated person: the seating position is adapted for a conscious person with a chest trauma or of respiratory difficulties.
For this, two team members are placed on each side of the casualty; they place one hand under the buttock, the other under the opposite armpit; the casualty places his/herss arms around the neck of the team members. A third team member lifts the legs as usual, and a fourth pushes the stretcher.
When a heart problem is suspected, the casualty should not lift his/hers arms. In this case, a short strap (4 m, 13 ft) can be used: one extremity is slided under the buttick, the other goes under eah armipit (and thus crosses the back of the casualty); the extremities are tied to form a ring. The team members use this ring as handles; mind that the head of the casualty is not held.
A long strap (6 m, 20 ft) allows the lifting with only three team members:
# a short extremity is slided under the buttocks;
# a team members is placed over the legs of the casualty, facing him/her; the long extremity goes on the team member's shoulder and under his/hers opposite armpit;
# this extremity then goes under the armpits of the casualty, and again on the team member's shoulder.
Both extremities are tied or holded together by the team member.
The team member can then support the hole weight of the top of the casualty's body while keeping a vertical back.
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When the casualty is seating on a chair and the seated position (with legs down) is possible (i.e. no problem of blood circulation), and if the chair has fixed legs and is not foldable, then the chair itself can be used for the transport. Otherwise, the chair can be replaced by a wheelchair or a stretcher:
# two team members take place besides the casualty as usual;
# when they lift, a third team member reremoves the chair;
# he then puts the wheelchair, or deals with the causalty's legs as a fourth team member pushes the stretcher.
In some cases, the casualty is found seated but a spine trauma is suspected (e.g. the casualty seat upright after an accident, or fell
in this position). In this case, the casualty must be transported lying; a long spine board is put against his/hers back to support it while he/she is laid down. When the causalty is on a chair, then the board is slided between the back of the casualty and the back of the chair, and the chait is laid down; the use of an extrication splint (KED) is particularly interesting in this context.
fr:prompt secours : relevage
category:patient transport
posted @ 6:57 PM
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